Demystifying Periods: Everything You Need to Know

As you grow up, your body goes through many changes, and one of the most important ones is menstruation, commonly known as a period. This natural process is an essential part of being a person with a uterus. When it comes to periods it can feel like there’s a lot that you need to know, but don’t worry. We’re going to break down the basics of what a period is, how it happens, and what you can expect when it does.

What actually is a Period?

A period, also called menstruation, is a normal part of a person’s menstrual cycle. It is a monthly discharge of blood and tissue from the lining of the uterus through the vagina. This process happens because the body prepares itself for the possibility of pregnancy each month.

How Does A Period Happen?

The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. It typically lasts about 28 days, although it can be shorter or longer for some people. Here’s a basic overview of what happens during a menstrual cycle:

Day 1-5 (Menstrual Phase): This is when you have your period. The lining of the uterus (endometrium) sheds, and you may experience bleeding. This is completely normal and usually lasts around 3-7 days.
Day 6-14 (Follicular Phase): During this phase, the body releases hormones that stimulate the ovaries to produce tiny sacs called follicles. Each follicle contains an immature egg.
Day 14 (Ovulation): Around the middle of your cycle, usually on day 14, one mature follicle releases an egg in a process called ovulation. This egg then moves into the fallopian tube and is ready to be fertilized by sperm.
Day 15-28 (Luteal Phase): After ovulation, the empty follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum, which produces hormones to support a potential pregnancy. If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, leading to a decrease in hormone levels.
If Fertilisation Occurs: If the egg is fertilised by sperm, it travels down the fallopian tube and implants into the uterus. This leads to pregnancy.

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What to Expect During Your Period

Menstrual Flow: The blood flow can vary from person to person. It might be light, moderate, or heavy. You can use pads, tampons, or menstrual cups to manage it.
Cramps: Some people experience mild to moderate abdominal cramps during their period. These are caused by the contraction of the uterus.
Emotional Changes: Hormonal fluctuations can sometimes lead to mood swings, irritability, or even feelings of sadness. These feelings are completely normal.
Other Symptoms: You might also experience symptoms like bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, or fatigue.
Irregularities: Especially in the first few years after your period starts, it’s common for your menstrual cycle to be irregular. Don’t worry; this is normal.

Experiencing a period is a natural part of growing up. Remember, it’s nothing to be embarrassed about, and you’re definitely not alone in this experience. If you have any concerns or questions about your period, don’t hesitate to talk to a trusted adult or a healthcare provider. They’re there to support you and provide you with the information and resources you need. We also have a whole section just dedicated to periods and everything you need to know.

Embrace this new phase of your life with confidence and know that you’re strong and capable!

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